Journal iSMART
type: channel
description: Online ISSN 2759-8608 Print ISSN 2435-2284 Journal iSMART(international journal of innovation for sustainable maritime architecture research and technology) (operated by International Academic Alliance of Coastal Architecture) aims to bring together researchers, experts, professionals, and policymakers from around the world to explore the intersection of sustainable development and smart technologies in the context of Coastal/Maritime architecture and related fields. The Journal seeks to foster discussions, exchange knowledge, and promote innovative solutions to address the challenges of creating a sustainable and technologically advanced Coastal/Maritime environment.
language: en
publication name: Journal iSMART
issn: 2435-2284
items: jismart2023049: Open Experimental Teaching Research and Management in Architecture Design Laboratories
items: jismart2023048: Development of Amorphous Rice Husk Ash for Sustainable Construction
items: jismart2023047: Black Soldier Fly’s Role in Circular Economy through Organic Waste Recovery
items: jismart2023046: A Review: Cockle Shell as Partial Replacement in Cement-Based Material
items: jismart2023045: Early Strength of High GGBS Cement with Seeding Additive
items: jismart2023044: Early Strength Performance of Hybrid Alkaline Activated Mortar
items: jismart2023043: Silica Fume and Slag as Cement Replacement in UHPC With Steel Fiber
items: jismart2023042: Local Sensitivity Analysis of Attached Sunspace for Residential Buildings in Cold Regions with High Solar Radiation
items: jismart2023040: The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on Durability Properties of GGBS And PFA Geopolymer Mortar Cured in Ambient Condition
items: jismart2023041: A Sustainability Framework for Assessing Urban Heritage
items: jismart2023039: Research on the Protection of Historical Residential Buildings in Qingdao
items: jismart2023038: Social Resilience Optimization of Rural Public Space base on SNA
items: jismart2023036: Bajo Architectural Wisdom in Navigating Rising Seas in Indonesia
items: jismart2023035: Coastal Mosques and Prophet Muhammad's Legacy: Exploring Architectural Adaptations and Diversity Across Contexts
items: jismart2023034: Wetland-CDI Harmony: Eco-Leap for Villages
items: jismart2023037: The Impact of Bangkalan Coastal Infrastructure Development on Taneyan Lanjhang
items: jismart2023033: Coastal Chronicles: The Evolution of Vernacular Architecture in the Modern Era
items: jismart2023032: Research on Design Quality Estimation and Optimization of Wayfinding in Modern Commercial Complex
items: jismart2023031: Optimization Framework for Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Shenzhen Bay Park
items: jismart2023030: The Impact of Different Densities and Layouts of Coastline High-Rise Building Groups on Pedestrian-Level Wind Environments
items: jismart2023029: Evaluate Different Shading Devices on Daylight Performance of Architectural Spaces in Three Common Buildings
items: jismart2023028: Passive Low Energy Research on Hangzhou Convention and Exhibition Buildings
items: jismart2023027: Ecological Conservation or Tourism Development A Multi-Stakeholder Zoning Approach to Mitigate Ecotourism Conflicts in Protected Areas of Coastal Regions
items: jismart2023026: A Review of Model Predictive Control in Building HVAC Field
items: jismart2023025: Improvement of Indoor DayLight Environment of Rammed-earth Dwellings in Buwa Village of China
items: jismart2023024: Investigating the Impact of Commercial Street Environments on Visual Walkability Perceptions by Using Google Street View Panoramas
items: jismart2023023: Preliminary Diagnostic Assessment Process and Case Studies for Existing Residential Regeneration
items: jismart2023022: Comparison of Room Occupancy Prediction Models in A Teaching Building Based on Machine Learning
items: jismart2023021: Research on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Carbon Emissions in Counties of Zhejiang Province
items: jismart2023020: A Contrast Study of Surface Color on Thermal Performance of Building

jismart2023049: Open Experimental Teaching Research and Management in Architecture Design Laboratories
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description: The open experimentation in architecture programs at universities has been a focal point in practical teaching. However, due to the large number of students in China and the complexity of safety and organization, there are currently no design laboratories in domestic universities capable of providing full-time open experiments. Design practices often remain confined to the drawing stage without progressing to actual construction. Therefore, this study, focusing on the operation of the Comprehensive Construction Laboratory at Qingdao University of Technology, explores the organization and management of open experimental teaching in design laboratories. It proposes a feasible open experimental teaching model for design laboratories in China.
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creator: Ran Cheng
creator: Tong Gao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023048: Development of Amorphous Rice Husk Ash for Sustainable Construction
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description: In the current era, industrial waste is getting great attention to be used as a cement replacement material. Owing to the difficulties in the disposal of biomass like rice husk (RH), the investigation into getting amorphous silica in large quantities from it not only reduces related landfill problems but also favours reducing the consumption of cement in our surroundings without compromising strength. Various investigations have been done on different methods of producing amorphous silica from rice husks by the combustion process. One of the popular methods is the acid leaching treatment of rice husk to remove harmful alkaline earth metals from rice husk, which promotes the crystallisation process of silica in the heating process. However, the leaching treatment should be investigated more, such as leaching temperature, acid concentration, leaching duration, and other factors effecting the leaching process, like grinding conditions. In this paper, investigations on different leaching conditions have been done with the help of a few characterizations, like FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and XRD. The results conclude that the rice husk leached with a solution of 0.1M HCl at 600C for 90mins and burnt at 8000C, yielded pure silica with a 94.86% amorphous content.
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creator: Muhammad Aun Abbas
creator: Wai Hoe Kwan
creator: Muhammad Hasnolhadi Bin Samsudin
creator: Tey Kim Hai
creator: Yuah Shao Hoo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023047: Black Soldier Fly’s Role in Circular Economy through Organic Waste Recovery
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description: The growing human population contributes to the increase in food demand, which in turn leads to an increase in the volume of organic waste produced in the environment and a threat to human health. Anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfill disposal are the main methods used to handle organic waste, including food waste; however, new environmentally friendly techniques are required. Over the past few decades, there has been a strong focus on the management and valorization of waste, or the development of an integrated, sustainable waste management strategy. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are an inexpensive, environmentally friendly way to treat organic waste that is gaining popularity across the globe due to its affordable and self-sustaining technique that creates value-added goods and encourages high resource recovery, opening new market opportunities for the industrial sector and entrepreneurs in poor nations. It has been demonstrated that black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens, can transform organic waste into premium nutrients such as protein (up to 40%) for pet food, fish and poultry feed, and leftover fertilizer- frass with more than 3% in Nitrogen (N) content, 4% in phosphorus (P2O5) and 0.5% in potassium (K2O) for soil amendment. This paper reviews an in-depth understanding of the benefit of resource recovery from organic waste by summarizing the application of BSFL treatment.
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creator: Brandon Xeyn Hin Leong
creator: Mohammed J.K Bashir
creator: Jun Kit Mah
creator: Merican Amirul
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023046: A Review: Cockle Shell as Partial Replacement in Cement-Based Material
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description: Various initiatives have been implemented to reduce the dependence on newly sourced raw materials in the construction sector. However, the by-products from the fishing industry are commonly disposed of in landfills or dumped without repurposing. Using sustainable materials promotes possibilities to reduce environmental consequences and resource depletion. This paper reviews the possible application of cockle shells as an alternative material in cement-based compositions. The study investigates multiple aspects, encompassing these materials’ chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, and performance in fresh and hardened phases. Several fundamental discoveries have been ascertained based on a comprehensive examination of existing academic research. Different percentages of replacement of cement and aggregates with cockle shell and its influence on fresh and hardened are reviewed in this paper.
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creator: Kai Xin Hoh
creator: Chee Ban Cheah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023045: Early Strength of High GGBS Cement with Seeding Additive
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description: The construction industry heavily relies on concrete, a widely used material for building structures. However, the production of its primary component, OPC, significantly contributes to environmental issues. In response to these concerns, SCMs like Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) and Silica Fume (SF) are introduced as partial replacements for cement in high-strength mortar. GGBS is an iron manufacturing by product that can improve workability and strength, reduces permeability and lowers the heat of hydration. SF, originating from the ferrosilicon industry, enhances strength and fills voids in mortar. 2 additives, Supleplasticiser (SP) and strength-enhancing admixture (X-Seed), improve workability and enhance the early strength of the mortar. The specimen with X-seed (XG50-5 and XG60-5) shows improvement in compressive and flexural strength at 7 days, highlighting its ability to enhance early-age strength. GGBS with a slower pozzolanic reaction requires more time to achieve higher strength, giving x-seed a chance to improve late-age strength. This study demonstrates the potential of GGBS, SF and X-Seed as environmentally friendly alternatives in the construction industry, improving concrete properties while reducing the environmental impact of cement production.
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creator: Wan Yee Ooi
creator: Chee Ban Cheah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023044: Early Strength Performance of Hybrid Alkaline Activated Mortar
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description: This study focuses on the development of sustainable cement-based materials by formulating Hybrid Alkali Activated Mortar (HAAM) using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) precursors and Lime Kiln Dust (LKD) as an alkali activator. Concrete production is reliant mainly on OPC, significantly contributing to global carbon emissions. By incorporating industrial by-products like GGBS and CBA and utilising LKD as an alkali activator, this research aims to reduce the carbon footprint associated with concrete production. HAAM mixes were prepared considering varying proportions of OPC, GGBS, CBA and LKD. Workability assessments demonstrated the superior performance of resulatant HAAM compared to conventional mixes. Flexural and compressive strength analyses at seven days revealed that HAAM formulations with increased OPC content exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. In conclusion, the HAAM mix, O20G70C30 with 5% LKD, exhibited the overall best performance making it a promising sustainable alternative in the construction industry.
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creator: Cai Yi Shaeh
creator: Chee Ban Cheah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023043: Silica Fume and Slag as Cement Replacement in UHPC With Steel Fiber
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description: Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is one of the most advanced cement-based construction materials. However, it may not be sustainable due to the high dosage of energy-intensive constituents such as cement and silica sand in its formulation. Therefore, the proposed work aimed to produce UHPC by using a low carbon emission and embodied energy alternative constituent material such as inorganic industrial by-product, namely silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as cement replacement material. The binary blended UHPC mix was prepared at the beginning stage by substituting the OPC with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of SF. The optimum binary blended UHPC mix, which was the mix proportion with 5% SF content, was being further optimised by substituting more OPC content with GGBS at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Fiber reinforcement optimisation was conducted subsequently based on the optimal ternary blended UHPC mix, which was the mix proportion with 20% GGBS content by incorporating steel fiber from 1% to 3% of the binder volume. Steel fibre reinforcement was found to be optimum at 2% of the binder volume. The mechanical strength of the optimum ternary blended mix UHPC marked an improvement of 27.13% on the strength gained compared to the fully OPC mix without reinforcement.
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creator: Yoong Kang Saw
creator: Chee Ban Cheah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023042: Local Sensitivity Analysis of Attached Sunspace for Residential Buildings in Cold Regions with High Solar Radiation
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description: Attached sunspace is an effective energy system for passive solar energy utilization and has been widely used in many countries. In this study, representative residential buildings with attached sunlight in highland areas were tested and analyzed. The thermal comfort of the buildings was evaluated. Sensitivity analyses and numerical simulations were performed to rank the effects of form, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), depth, glazing type, and interior walls on the comfort and energy consumption of the attached sunspace. A local sensitivity analysis was also performed for the more sensitive components and recommendations were made for the design of the attached sunspace in this area. The results show that. Built-in Sunspace have the best results in terms of improving building performance. Increase in WWR value increases the indoor thermal comfort of the building and reduces the heating energy consumption of the building. A sunspace depth of 600 mm resulted in the highest percentage of comfort hours and the lowest heating energy consumption. An increase in the heat transfer coefficient of the interior walls is beneficial for reducing the building heating energy consumption and improving the indoor thermal comfort, and the effect of changing the heat transfer coefficient on the building performance varies with different thermal storage coefficients.
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creator: Wensheng Mo
creator: Bart Dewancker
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal iSMART
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023040: The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on Durability Properties of GGBS And PFA Geopolymer Mortar Cured in Ambient Condition
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description: This study delves into the durability attributes of geopolymer mortar cured under ambient conditions, employing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as alkali activators. The research focuses on manipulating the NaOH molarity, spanning concentrations of 8 moles, 10 moles, 12 moles, and 14 moles, while maintaining a constant Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 1.2. The evaluation of durability encompasses water absorption tests, porosity analysis, and capillary tests conducted at both 7 days and 14 days of curing. The findings indicate that geopolymer mortar with a 10-mole NaOH concentration demonstrates superior durability, with notably lower rates of water absorption and porosity in comparison to other concentrations. In contrast, mortar with 8-mole NaOH concentrations initially exhibits higher absorption rates but demonstrates improvement over time, whereas formulations with 12 and 14 moles display increased porosity in later stages. These results underscore the pivotal role of NaOH concentration in influencing the durability properties of geopolymer mortar. The optimization of NaOH concentrations has the potential to enhance water resistance and prolong the lifespan of geopolymer materials.
subject: Journal of iSAMRT
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creator: Muhammad Hasnolhadi Samsudin
creator: Wai Hoe Kwan
creator: Leng Ee Tan
creator: Yuah Shao Hoo
creator: Jia Ying Lim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023041: A Sustainability Framework for Assessing Urban Heritage
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description: The problem faced by heritage conservation for sustainability is the lack of common criteria and measures of values that is understood by all stake holders. The study aims to develop the urban heritage assessment framework to measure heritage sustainability as perceived by the stakeholders. The objectives are to determine the weightage to be assigned for the heritage values and criteria according to stakeholders’ perception. This is achieved by utilizing the Best-Worst-Method (BWM), a multicriteria expert-based importance weightage tool. A total of 7 heritage advocate experts and 3 heritage building owners participated in the BWM survey. The findings indicate the following weight priorities for Sustainable Heritage Values (HSV); Continuity of Heritage (30.244), Livability (28.450), Heritage led Regeneration (15.643), Intergeneration Equity and Durability (13.068) and Human Rights basis (12.595). Other findings include the weight of importance of the social criteria. The valorization of heritage helps to determine heritage policies and investments to sustainably use heritage as a social resource to enrich an authentic place-making and livable urban environment.
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creator: Seong Yeow Tan
creator: AbdulLateef Olanrewaju
creator: Soon Onn Lai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023039: Research on the Protection of Historical Residential Buildings in Qingdao
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description: In the past decades, urban development has focused on the development of "quantity", and a large number of modern residential land has been used for the construction of high-rise buildings. Due to the lack of effective protection and utilization, the historical residential houses have gradually become the "stain" of the city, and the internal condition of the houses is worrying. This study aims to explain the difference between the prototype and the status of residential buildings in Qingdao. Taking the former residence of Liang Shiqiu as an example, it compares the prototype with the status through investigation, measurement and drawing of architectural drawings, and expounds the reflection on the status of the protection of ancient residential buildings, so as to provide references for the historical tracing and restoration of residential buildings.
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creator: Xiaotong Jing
creator: Jiaxin Li
creator: Chao Liu
creator: Weijun Gao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023038: Social Resilience Optimization of Rural Public Space base on SNA
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description: The rural social resilience cannot be separated from the vitality of public space. In the developed areas of rural China, there exists the imbalance between supply and demand of rural public space. This situation leads to the coexistence of insufficient facilities and idleness, the lack of vitality of new public space facilities, and the poor quality of the high-utilization sites. Aiming at the issue, Taking the ancient village of Qinchuan as an example, this study introduces social network analysis to quantitatively explore the relationship between "spatial supply-social demand". According to the technical route of "index establishment-network construction-matching and cause-seeking-strategy proposal", based on the semantic meaning of "point-line", the objective public-space network (OPN), the villagers’ activity network (VAN), and the tourists’ activity network (TAN) are constructed. The multi-scale analysis, from village scale, district sacle to the mode scale, seeks the cause of the differences between the subjective and objective network. As a result, precise optimization strategies such as distribution of points and selection of nodes in rural public spaces are proposed. The research will improve the rural social resilience.
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creator: Lidan Guo
creator: Danhua Xu
creator: Xingnuo Wang
creator: Peiyun Dai
creator: Qian Tang
creator: Xinqi Ling
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023036: Bajo Architectural Wisdom in Navigating Rising Seas in Indonesia
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description: The global climate crisis continues to intensify. Coastal communities are facing escalating threats from rising sea levels. This paper discusses the vernacular architecture practice and wisdom embodied in the Bajo people to inspire holistic strategies for sustainable coastal development as opposed to the approach involving a large-scale project that seems to aspire to dominate environment instead of being in tune with the environment such as the Giant Garuda Sea Wall planned to be constructed in Jakarta. The paper methodology encompasses qualitative techniques, incorporating available literature and documentary sources related to the architectural and innovative design practices of the Bajo people in response to rising sea levels. The Bajo people vernacular approach, on the other hand, is characterised by flexibility, cultural preservation, and respect for the environment. This approach prompts us to rethink the perception of environmental forces and resilience in the face of environmental change.
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creator: Syafa Ailsa Dewi Bhanuwati
creator: Didit Novianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023035: Coastal Mosques and Prophet Muhammad's Legacy: Exploring Architectural Adaptations and Diversity Across Contexts
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description: The traditional mosques in Indonesia are not thoroughly understood, especially concerning their positions within the contexts that define them. A mosque should have a strong connection with the prevailing context, including its location. Therefore, this study aims to find the truth and the application of mosque architectural designs in coastal area of Indonesia. The method employed involves a literature study, comparing the changes in architectural aspects and functions of mosques in coastal areas of Indonesia with those from the era of the Prophet. The aspiration of this study is to comprehend the underlying context guiding mosque construction in coastal areas of Indonesia, as well as to understand the role of mosques within these coastal regions.
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creator: Achmad Nailu Rosyad
creator: Rusyda Tamma Hidayat
creator: Naila Aisha Pramono
creator: Didit Novianto
creator: Dian Sekartaji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023034: Wetland-CDI Harmony: Eco-Leap for Villages
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description: This study unveils an eco-innovative pathway aimed at nurturing sustainability in Indonesia’s maritime villages, amidst prevailing water scarcity and energy challenges. Embodying a multifaceted approach, the research centralizes Capacitive Deionization (CDI) and constructed wetlands as pivotal elements, intricately intertwined with sustainable energy generation strategies. The implementation of CDI emerges as a transformative solution, adept at harnessing the abundant seawater for the production of essential potable water, whilst ensuring adaptability and operational efficiency. Complementing this, the strategic utilization of constructed wetlands facilitates proficient wastewater management, fostering an environment of ecological harmony and community well-being. A remarkable synergy is achieved through the innovative integration of brine electrolysis, which optimizes resource utilization by generating sustainable energy and enhancing water quality. This holistic blueprint, profoundly aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is designed to bolster the resilience and sustainability of coastal communities. It manifests as a robust framework that harmonizes water accessibility, energy sustainability, and community enrichment, thereby redefining the paradigms of resource management in Indonesia’s coastal regions and paving the way for a future marked by thriving sustainability and enhanced societal resilience.
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creator: Didit Novianto
creator: Balqis Setyatita Ramadhani
creator: Lulu Rizky Avrilla
creator: Muzaki Kurnianto
creator: Ferdiansyah Putra
creator: Shafira Eka Salsabilla
creator: Arseto Yekti Bagastyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023037: The Impact of Bangkalan Coastal Infrastructure Development on Taneyan Lanjhang
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description: The development of coastal infrastructure can lead to rapid modernization, presenting both opportunities and challenges to local cultures. This is evident in Bangkalan on Madura Island, where the traditional Taneyan Lanjhang architecture is experiencing the pressures of modernity. This study investigates the impact of Bangkalan's development on Taneyan Lanjhang, employing field and literature research to scrutinize how modernization may alter this indigenous vernacular architecture. Data from fieldwork will indicate which aspects of Taneyan Lanjhang remain unchanged, which are transformed, or which may be lost to modernization. This study hope to shed more light on the challenges or vurnerabilities of Taneyan Lanjhang in present day Bangkalan and also the potential of Taneyan Lanjhang to survive or even thrive along the modernization of Bangkalan. This finding hopefully will be beneficial in the conception of more strategic development plan of Bangkalan.
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creator: Tony Hermawan
creator: Nyoman Brianti Kusuma
creator: Rusyda Tamma Hidayat
creator: Shoki Sudo
creator: Didit Novianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023033: Coastal Chronicles: The Evolution of Vernacular Architecture in the Modern Era
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description: The Indonesian vernacular architecture has been passed down through generations without any formal documentation. The Joglo house, a hallmark of Javanese design, has been adapted and inherited by contemporary society, tailored to fit modern lifestyles. This study delves into two Pati’s Joglo houses, constructed 200 years ago and still standing in the coastal cities of Surabaya and Juwana in Indonesia. These houses have evolved over time, reflecting changes in both their physical surroundings and their inhabitants. The research seeks to understand the transformations in the Joglo house from its inception to the present. The study's approach considers the original context of the houses, including the climate, geography, and societal backdrop. The findings highlight the differences observed over time and how traditional architecture is interpreted by today's families.
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creator: Gabriela Emilly Xian
creator: Anastasia Evangelista Sumanti
creator: Rusyda Tamma Hidayat
creator: Didit Novianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023032: Research on Design Quality Estimation and Optimization of Wayfinding in Modern Commercial Complex
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description: With the rapid development of China's urban areas, a large number of commercial complexes integrating transport interchange, entertainment and leisure, catering and food, and other multi-functional areas have emerged. This paper takes the wayfinding of Shenyang K11 Select as an example, on the basis of field research on it, research method using Design Quality Estimation method combined with Semantic Differential, quantify and analyze user ratings of the wayfinding. Based on the results of the analysis, summarize the deficiencies in K11's wayfinding, and propose optimization strategies. The purpose of this case study is to summarize a commercial complex visual wayfinding that meets the aesthetics and behavior of the users.
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creator: Jiaqi Tong
creator: Mei Lyu
creator: Meiqi Yang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023031: Optimization Framework for Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Shenzhen Bay Park
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description: In the context of global warming, there has been significant interest in researching urban outdoor thermal environments. The rapid development of cities has led to the degradation of the urban thermal environment and a range of associated issues, including the reduction in outdoor thermal comfort, increased energy consumption, and significant threats to human health. Due to the complexity of the outdoor thermal environment, it is difficult to rely solely on experience for outdoor thermal environment design. Therefore, applying a scientific and systematic quantitative optimization process is paramount. To demonstrate this approach, a study was conducted using the example of Shenzhen Bay Park. Field research was carried out to understand the thermal demands of the population in this specific area. A quantitative optimization process was proposed, which encompassed spatial modeling, temperature monitoring methods, and overall optimization strategies. The aim of this procedure was to provide scientific guidance for the design of coastal urban areas and the development of urban outdoor thermal environments.
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creator: Hongfeng Zhong
creator: Yue Fan
creator: Yueer He
creator: Qiong Zhang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023030: The Impact of Different Densities and Layouts of Coastline High-Rise Building Groups on Pedestrian-Level Wind Environments
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description: The sea-land breeze is an important mesoscale weather system in coastal areas. For coastal cities, the impact of the sea-land breeze on the pedestrian-level wind environment is significant, and creating a favorable pedestrian-level wind environment in coastal cities also has high practical meanings. However, due to China's rapid development in recent decades, coastal cities like Qingdao have constructed high-density urban agglomerations along the coastline. Existing research does not fully understand of how high-rise building groups affect the pedestrian-level wind environment. This study applied butterfly plugin on the grasshopper platform within Rhino to simulate how various building densities affects the pedestrian-level wind environment. This study constructed a serious of models of coastal building groups, which mimics the urban density along the coastline of Qingdao city. The results indicate two important findings: 1) The height of the building groups has a great impact on the wind speed at the pedestrian level; 2) When building density was changed to 20-45%, the area of low wind speed areas between buildings was increased and the average wind speed decreased, as the density of coastal high-rise buildings increased. This range of density was not conducive to creating a comfortable pedestrian wind environment.
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creator: Haoxing Hu
creator: Xiaofei Chen
creator: Xingtian Wang
creator: Ziqi Xu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023029: Evaluate Different Shading Devices on Daylight Performance of Architectural Spaces in Three Common Buildings
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description: Reasonable shading can effectively improve the indoor lighting environment and reduce lighting energy consumption. This study aims to study the impact of horizontal and vertical shading devices on the lighting environment of building spaces with different functions. Through computer parameterization and simulation, the indoor lighting environment of offices, classrooms, and residential spaces equipped with two different shading devices are analyzed. Further,energy performance assessments of each room with shading were perfomed. The results show that the daylight performance of horizontal shading devices with a depth of 1.2m is better than that of vertical shading devices in offices, classrooms and living spaces, and the improved UDI is between 15.75% and 17.43%. Due to different lighting standards, shading is useful for residential spaces. The overall effect of adjusting daylight intensity is more uniform than that of the office and classroom. In addition, both forms of shading hadvery weak effects on reducing energy consumption.
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creator: Ziqi Xu
creator: Xiaofei Chen
creator: Xingtian Wang
creator: Haoxing Hu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023028: Passive Low Energy Research on Hangzhou Convention and Exhibition Buildings
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description: Under the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the issue of high energy consumption in large-scale exhibition buildings has become a hot topic in the field of architectural design. The layout courtyards, influenced by orientation and window-wall ratio, directly impacts the level energy consumption. By selecting 12 well-known exhibition buildings both domestically and as research subjects and using scatter curve, it was discovered that there exists a nonlinear quadratic function relationship between the standard area and courtyard area. Based on function relationship, four typical layouts were. Taking the climate conditions the Yangtze River Delta region, represented by Hangzhou, as a basis, Design Builder software was utilized to simulate the energy consumption of the four typical layouts and analyze the influence of factors such as window-to-wall ratio and orientation on energy consumption. The study found that there is a window-to-wall ratio that minim energy consumption in exhibition buildings, and L-shaped courtyards facing south and U-shaped courtyards facing east are more energy-efficient. This research provides a reference for designing exhibition buildings with low energy consumption and good indoor-outdoor interaction.
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creator: Yang Tan
creator: Xiaoyu Ying
creator: Jian Ge
creator: Shuai Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023027: Ecological Conservation or Tourism Development A Multi-Stakeholder Zoning Approach to Mitigate Ecotourism Conflicts in Protected Areas of Coastal Regions
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description: Ecotourism is an important form to realize sustainable development. In protected areas, both ecological protection and tourism development involve multi-stakeholder, and conflicts between stakeholders from different interest perspectives are inevitable. This study attempts to find ways to mitigate this conflict. This study is from the planner's or outsider's perspective, through a bottom-up, multi-stakeholder participatory approach to planning. In this method, first，stakeholders are distinguished and classified, and then landscape characteristic assessment (LCA) results are used as the base map, and the "value-satisfaction-demand" model is used to deeply explore the views and evaluation of stakeholders on landscape resources. Finally, try to reach a consensus among takeholders, and on this basis, formulate zoning plans and strategies. This method was applied to Laoshan Mountain in Qingdao, China, and 15 types of landscape characteristics and four types of stakeholders were identified, then, four types of ecotourism regions were classified according to their value orientation. Based on this zoning, different strategies are proposed for different conflicts. Our study contributes to the alleviation of local conflicts, helps to create a harmonious human-land relationship, and provides guidance for ecotourism strategies.
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creator: Qian Yu
creator: Ranjiamian Zhou
creator: Wenyu Zhang
creator: Jiachen Cai
creator: Ye Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023026: A Review of Model Predictive Control in Building HVAC Field
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description: Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising technology for optimising building performance and energy savings, effectively addressing complex challenges posed by external factors like dynamic nonlinearities, occupancy patterns, and solar influences. It meets the growing demand for energy efficient and flexible load management of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. After over 20 years of research, MPC has made progress in this area of research, but is still not widely adopted by the industry. This paper reveals recent advances of MPC in the HVAC domain, highlighting its real-world applications and the tangible benefits it brings to optimising HVAC systems. It thoroughly explains critical components, including modeling techniques, optimization algorithms, and design parameters, encompassing prediction ranges and cost functions. Applicable to solving MPC problems in the context of building climate control. The primary objective of this paper is to elucidate the design parameters that significantly impact MPC performance and to demonstrate the real-world effectiveness of MPC applications., providing valuable guidance to researchers and practitioners. By synthesising existing knowledge and outlining future perspectives, it aims to provide assistance to contemporary adopters of the technology while demonstrating its practicality.
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creator: Yun Xie
creator: Yanxue Li
creator: Jiuli Qiao
creator: Yi Ran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023025: Improvement of Indoor DayLight Environment of Rammed-earth Dwellings in Buwa Village of China
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description: Due to the poor indoor physical environment, the traditional rammed-earth dwellings of the Qiang people in China had not be cherished by the local villagers, and thus had been gradually abandoned. In order to help the conservation and inheritance of those precious dwellings, the indoor daylight environment of the well-preserved Yan’s House in Buwa village had been selected as an example to study. Through field measurement and investigation on the daylight environment of the house’s main functional rooms, it had been found that the indoor daylight environment was far below the national daylight standard of China, and meanwhile uncomfort indoor daylight environment was the most serious problem reflected by the Qiang people. Therefore, in order to improve the livability of the dwellings so as to achieve the purpose of living heritage, two measures have been proposed: one was to add light-colored wood panels on the indoor walls to increase the internal reflectivity; the other was to install light pipes to bring natural light into the rooms. Simulation results indicated the measures could make use of natural light to significantly promote the indoor daylight environment and thus reduce artificial illumination, with little impact on the dwellings’ exterior characteristics.
subject: Journal of iSAMRT
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creator: Chunyuan Wang
creator: Weijun Gao
creator: Jinlong Ouyang
creator: Xiaotong Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023024: Investigating the Impact of Commercial Street Environments on Visual Walkability Perceptions by Using Google Street View Panoramas
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description: The urban streets walkability can be effectively promoting public health and livable cities construction. The environment of commercial streets play a important role in promoting pedestrian walking and consumption. Based on the growing leisure needs of residents, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to measuring the Visual walkability Perception (VWP) of urban commercial streets and exploring the influence mechanism of the urban commercial street environments on VWP. In this study, the VWP of Fukuoka Tenjin commercial distirct was evaluated based on Google Street View Panorama (GSVP) image data using Semantic Difference (SD) method and Virtual Reality (VR) technology. Meanwhile, the proportion of streetscape elements was extracted from GSVP images by semantic segmentation. Correlation analysis was performed between the assessed values of VWP and streetscape elements. The results show that the tree, plant, grass, and ground in streets have a positive impact on VWP, while building and road have a negative impact. An optimization strategy is proposed to improve the visual walkability quality of commercial streets. It can be applied to the construction and management of walkable commercial street environments.
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creator: Gonghu Huang
creator: Yiqing Yu
creator: Mei Lyu
creator: Dong Sun
creator: Xiang Ji
creator: Bart Dewancker
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023023: Preliminary Diagnostic Assessment Process and Case Studies for Existing Residential Regeneration
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description: As the country intensifies its efforts to renovate old residential areas, the regeneration of existing residential buildings built between the 1980s and 2000s has entered a stage in urgent need of transformation from extensive to refined renovation. However, diagnostic evaluation standards and decision-making in the early stage of renovation have not yet been established. in accordance with. Based on the team's existing building regeneration research foundation, the article constructs an existing residential regeneration diagnostic evaluation process from an architectural perspective, which is divided into three stages: data collection and integration, visual model construction and diagnostic evaluation analysis, and comprehensive application of building information modeling, etc. technology, conduct comprehensive assessment through qualitative and quantitative diagnosis, form a diagnostic assessment template, and apply the diagnostic assessment methods and processes based on cases to provide scientific guidance and decision-making direction for the practice of refined regeneration of existing residential buildings and the formulation of relevant standards and guidelines, improve the efficiency of decision-making, and have an advanced demonstration role and forward-lookingness.
subject: Journal of iSAMRT
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creator: Chang Liu
creator: Yue Fan
creator: Qiong Zhang
creator: Guanfeng Lin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal iSMART
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023022: Comparison of Room Occupancy Prediction Models in A Teaching Building Based on Machine Learning
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description: The indoor environment and human behavior are critical factors impacting energy consumption. Taking a university building in the east of China as an example, the current study aimed to develop prediction models for room occupancy based on the indoor environment. An integrated Internet of Things (IoTs) device was employed to collect 2013 sets of data, including room occupancy and corresponding indoor environmental parameters in classrooms. A correlation analysis was used to extract key features, and prediction models for indoor occupancy behavior in a typical building were developed using the decision tree, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest, and CatBoost models. Various evaluation indicators, including F1 scores, accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC values were employed to compare the performance of each model. The results revealed that the CatBoost model exhibited superior predictive capability, while the KNN model performed the least effectively. The current study provides a reference point to detect human behavior.
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creator: Jingqi Zhao
creator: Xihao Tian
creator: Zilong Wang
creator: Fengshuo Guo
creator: Jiantao Weng
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023021: Research on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Carbon Emissions in Counties of Zhejiang Province
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description: As new urbanization progresses, counties play a pivotal role. Investigating the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon emissions in counties is essential for refining the new urbanization strategy, realizing carbon neutrality and peak carbon goals, and addressing the call for low-carbon sustainable development. Based on carbon emission data from 89 counties in Zhejiang Province from 2000 to 2020, this article employs methods like LISA time path, temporal transition, and standard deviation ellipse to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon emissions in Zhejiang's counties. The findings indicate that the number of counties with a low relative length is increasing from 34 between 2000-2012 to 44 between 2013-2020. Overall, from 2000-2020, Zhejiang's counties exhibit a spatial pattern of carbon emissions that is relatively stable, with the western and southern regions being the most consistent. When comparing two time periods, the number of counties with coordinated high growth and coordinated low growth only differs by three, suggesting a particular spatial integration and a generally stable trend. LISA time transition analysis reveals that the spatial accumulation of carbon emissions in Zhejiang's counties possesses a relatively high path dependence, and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is relatively stable. The standard deviation ellipse analysis shows that the core area of carbon emissions in Zhejiang's counties from 2000-2020 primarily fluctuates between 120.551°~120.571°E and 29.555°~29.617°N, presenting a northeast-southwest pattern.
subject: Journal of iSAMRT
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creator: Xuanli Wang
creator: Yiqun Wu
creator: Huifang Yu
creator: Jiahao He
creator: Weijun Gao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal iSMART
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22

jismart2023020: A Contrast Study of Surface Color on Thermal Performance of Building
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description: The choice of color and reflectivity of building envelope materials has far-reaching consequences. Light-colored materials typically absorb less solar energy, which reduces the heat-absorbing effect of the walls. This helps keep wall temperatures within a controlled range, mitigating indoor temperature fluctuations and improving building comfort and energy efficiency. In order to clarify the relationship between color reflectance and building heat gain, we tested the reflectance of 36 standard colors at 380-780 nm and 780-2526 nm, as well as the HSB values of the samples, in a 72-hour solar radiation exposure experiment. Based on the measured surface temperature data of the specimen, the study of the relationship between reflectance, color brightness, hue, and surface temperature was carried out Correct selection and optimization of color reflectance and wall temperature as key factors will help to achieve more sustainable and energy-efficient building designs.
subject: Journal of iSAMRT
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creator: Ge Zhang
creator: Chenxi Hu
creator: Xi Meng
creator: Xinping Yu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-22
publication date: 2025-05-22